![]() The simulated physical and Kepler-observed catalogs allow us to directly assess the role of detection biases, and in particular the effect of nontransiting or otherwise undetected planets, in altering the inferred MMEN. We use an advanced statistical model for the underlying architectures of multiplanet systems to reconstruct the MMEN. While most previous studies have fit a single power law to all exoplanets in an observed ensemble, it is unclear whether most exoplanetary systems form from a universal disk template. A foundational idea in the theory of in situ planet formation is the “minimum-mass extrasolar nebula” (MMEN), a surface density profile (Σ) of disk solids that is necessary to form the planets in their present locations.
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