4 Few studies have evaluated eye injuries in MMA. 2, 3 The head is the most commonly injured anatomical location by far, ranging from 32.4% to 76.5% of all injuries, 2 with lacerations, fractures and concussions being the most frequent types of head injuries. Recent estimates have placed the overall average injury rate in MMA to be between 228.7 and 246.4/1000 athletic encounters. Rules and regulations pertaining to MMA competition have increased since 1993, such as the implementation of ringside physicians who can advise cessation of fighting in the event of disproportionate danger to the health of each fighter. 1, 2 A typical MMA match is composed of three rounds lasting 5 minutes each. MMA matches can occur in any contest enclosure ranging from a boxing ring to a hexagonal or octagonal cage. Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a full-contact combat sport between two athletes that allows striking and grappling while either standing or on the ground.
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